EMC Standards

Key elements of EMI/EMC Standards
 

Emission: 

These standards define acceptable limits for emissions, ensuring that equipment does not radiate or conduct harmful levels of electromagnetic energy that could affect nearby equipment. These emissions can be either:

  • Radiated: Emissions through the air as radio waves or electromagnetic fields.
  • Conducted: Emissions transmitted through power or signal lines.
     

​​Immunity:

Ensures that devices can withstand a certain level of external electromagnetic interference without degrading their performance. such as voltage surges, static discharges, or radiofrequency interference, ensuring the equipment continues to operate correctly.
 

​Testing:

Devices undergo rigorous testing for both emission and immunity to ensure they meet regional or international standards.

​EMC standards can be categorized in three different categories:

  1. Basic Standard
  2. Generic Standard
  3. Product Standard
     

1. Basic Standards:

EMI-EMC basic standards are specific to particular test and define Test Procedures, Test Equipment, Test methodology, Measurement Uncertainty, Test Parameters, their characteristics etc.

Basic EMI-EMC Standards are as mentioned below.

  • IEC TR 61000-4-1 (Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4-1: Testing and measurement techniques - Overview of IEC 61000-4 series)
     
  • IEC 61000-4-2 (Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4-2: Testing and measurement techniques - Electrostatic discharge immunity test)
     
  • IEC 61000-4-3 (Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4-3 : Testing and measurement techniques - Radiated, radio-frequency, electromagnetic field immunity test)
     
  • IEC 61000-4-4 (Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4-4: Testing and measurement techniques - Electrical fast transient/burst immunity test)
     
  • IEC 61000-4-5 (Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4-5: Testing and measurement techniques - Surge immunity test)
     
  • IEC 61000-4-6 (Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4-6: Testing and measurement techniques - Immunity to conducted disturbances, induced by radio-frequency fields)
     
  • IEC 61000-4-7 (Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4-7: Testing and measurement techniques - General guide on harmonics and interharmonics measurements and instrumentation, for power supply systems and equipment connected thereto)
     
  • IEC 61000-4-8 (Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4-8: Testing and measurement techniques - Power frequency magnetic field immunity test)
     
  • IEC 61000-4-9 (Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4-9: Testing and measurement techniques - Impulse magnetic field immunity test)
     
  • IEC 61000-4-10 (Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4-10: Testing and measurement techniques - Damped oscillatory magnetic field immunity test)
     
  • IEC 61000-4-11 (Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4-11: Testing and measurement techniques - Voltage dips, short interruptions and voltage variations immunity tests for equipment with input current up to 16 A per phase)
     
  • IEC 61000-4-12 (Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) - Part 4-12: Testing and measurement techniques - Ring wave immunity test)
     
  • IEC 61000-4-13 (Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4-13: Testing and measurement techniques - Harmonics and interharmonics including mains signaling at a.c. power port, low frequency immunity tests)
     
  • IEC 61000-4-14 (Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4-14: Testing and measurement techniques - Voltage fluctuation immunity test for equipment with input current not exceeding 16 A per phase)
     
  • IEC 61000-4-16 (Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4-16: Testing and measurement techniques - Test for immunity to conducted, common mode disturbances in the frequency range 0 Hz to 150 kHz
     
  • IEC 61000-4-17 (Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4-17: Testing and measurement techniques - Ripple on d.c. input power port immunity test)
     
  • IEC 61000-4-18 (Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4-18: Testing and measurement techniques - Damped oscillatory wave immunity test)
     
  • IEC 61000-4-19 (Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4-19: Testing and measurement techniques - Test for immunity to conducted, differential mode disturbances and signaling in the frequency range 2 kHz to 150 kHz at a.c. power ports)
     
  • IEC 61000-4-22 (Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4-22: Testing and measurement techniques - Radiated emissions and immunity measurements in fully anechoic rooms (FARs))
     
  • IEC 61000-4-29 (Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4-29: Testing and measurement techniques - Voltage dips, short interruptions and voltage variations on d.c. input power port immunity tests)
     
  • IEC 61000-4-34 (Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4-34: Testing and measurement techniques - Voltage dips, short interruptions and voltage variations immunity tests for equipment with mains current more than 16 A per phase)
     
  • IEC 61000-3-2 (Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 3-2: Limits - Limits for harmonic current emissions (equipment input current ≤16 A per phase))
     
  • IEC 61000-3-3 (Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 3-3: Limits - Limitation of voltage changes, voltage fluctuations and flicker in public low-voltage supply systems, for equipment with rated current ≤16 A per phase and not subject to conditional connection)
     
  • IEC 61000-3-12 (Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 3-12: Limits - Limits for harmonic currents produced by equipment connected to public low-voltage systems with input current >16 A and ≤ 75 A per phase)
     
  • IEC 61000-3-11 (Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 3-11: Limits - Limitation of voltage changes, voltage fluctuations and flicker in public low-voltage supply systems - Equipment with rated current ≤ 75 A and subject to conditional connection)

Commonly used Basic standards that almost product standards refer are as below:

  • IEC 61000-4-2

  • IEC 61000-4-3

  • IEC 61000-4-4

  • IEC 61000-4-5

  • IEC 61000-4-6

  • IEC 61000-4-8

  • IEC 61000-4-11

  • IEC 61000-4-29

  • IEC 61000-4-34

  • IEC 61000-3-2

  • IEC 61000-3-3

  • IEC 61000-3-11

  • IEC 61000-3-12

 

2. Generic Standards:

The environments in which products will be installed are classified by these standards, which can also be used to test products for which no specific product standard has been established, such as large machinery, industrial panels, etc.

These standards can be classified as below:

  • IEC 61000-6-1: (Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 6-1: Generic standards - Immunity standard for residential, commercial and light-industrial environments)
     
  • IEC 61000-6-2: (Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 6-2: Generic standards - Immunity standard for industrial environments)
     
  • IEC 61000-6-3: (Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 6-3: Generic standards - Emission standard for equipment in residential environments)
     
  • IEC 61000-6-4: (Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 6-4: Generic standards - Emission standard for industrial environments)
     
  • IEC 61000-6-5: (Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 6-5: Generic standards - Immunity for equipment used in power station and substation environment)​​

3. Product Standards: 

There are many EMI-EMC product standards available depending on type of product, their functionality and installation conditions.

These standards are product specific and defines applicable tests, Test levels, Limits for Emission test, Performance criteria.

Below are the some of the product standards:
 

  • CISPR 14-1/ EN55014-1: Electromagnetic compatibility - Requirements for household appliances, electric tools, and similar apparatus - Part 1: Emission
     
  • CISPR 14-2/ EN55014-2: Electromagnetic compatibility - Requirements for household appliances, electric tools, and similar apparatus - Part 2: Immunity - Product family standard
     
  • CISPR 11/ EN55011: Industrial, scientific, and medical equipment - Radio-frequency disturbance characteristics - Limits and methods of measurement
     
  • CISPR 32/ EN55032: Electromagnetic compatibility of multimedia equipment - Emission requirements
     
  • CISPR 35/ EN55035: Electromagnetic compatibility of multimedia equipment - Immunity requirements
     
  • CISPR 15/ EN55015: Limits and methods of measurement of radio disturbance characteristics of electrical lighting and similar equipment
     
  • CISPR 25/ EN55025: Vehicles, boats and internal combustion engine driven devices - Radio disturbance characteristics - Limits and methods of measurement for the protection of on-board receivers.
     
  • CISPR 36/ EN55036: Electric and hybrid electric road vehicles - Radio disturbance characteristics - Limits and methods of measurement for the protection of off-board receivers below 30 MHz.
     
  • EN/IEC 61326-1: Electrical equipment for measurement, control and laboratory use - EMC requirements - Part 1: General requirements
     
  • EN/IEC 60255-26: Measuring relays and protection equipment - Part 26: Electromagnetic compatibility requirements
     
  • EN/IEC 60947: Low-voltage switchgear and control gear - ALL PARTS
     
  • EN/IEC 60947-1: Low-voltage switchgear and control gear - Part 1: General rules
     
  • EN/IEC 60601-1-2: Medical electrical equipment - Part 1-2: General requirements for basic safety and essential performance - Collateral Standard: Electromagnetic disturbances - Requirements and tests
     
  • EN/IEC 60669-2-1: Switches for household and similar fixed electrical installations - Part 2-1: Particular requirements - Electronic control devices
     
  • EN/IEC 60730-1: Automatic electrical controls - Part 1: General requirements
     
  • EN/IEC 60730-2-5: Automatic electrical controls - Part 2-5: Particular requirements for automatic electrical burner control systems
     
  • EN/IEC 61547: Equipment for general lighting purposes - EMC immunity requirements
     
  • EN/IEC 62040-2: Uninterruptible power systems (UPS) - Part 2: Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) requirements
     
  • EN/IEC 62599-2: Alarm systems - Part 2: Electromagnetic compatibility - Immunity requirements for components of fire and security alarm systems
     
  • EN/IEC 62311: Assessment of electronic and electrical equipment related to human exposure restrictions for electromagnetic fields (0 Hz to 300 GHz)
     
  • EN/IEC 50121-1: Railway applications - Electromagnetic compatibility - Part 1: General
     
  • EN/IEC 60974-10: Arc welding equipment - Part 10: Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) requirements
     
  • EN/IEC 61439-1: Low-voltage switchgear and control gear assemblies - Part 1: General rules
     
  • EN/IEC 61543: Residual current-operated protective devices (RCDs) for household and similar use - Electromagnetic compatibility
     
  • EN/IEC 61800-3: Adjustable speed electrical power drive systems - Part 3: EMC requirements and specific test methods for PDS and machine tools
     
  • EN/IEC 62052-11: Electricity metering equipment - General requirements, tests and test conditions - Part 11: Metering equipment
     
  • EN/IEC 62233: Measurement methods for electromagnetic fields of household appliances and similar apparatus with regard to human exposure
     
  • EN/IEC 60945: Maritime navigation and radiocommunication equipment and systems - General requirements - Methods of testing and required test results
     
  • EN/IEC 60092: Electrical installations in ships - ALL PARTS
     
  • EN/IEC 60335-1: Household and similar electrical appliances - Safety - Part 1: General requirements (With EMC requirements)
     
  • EN/IEC 60533: Electrical and electronic installations in ships - Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Ships with a metallic hull
     
  • EN/IEC 60571: Railway applications - Electronic equipment used on rolling stock
     
  • EN/IEC 61008-1: Residual current operated circuit-breakers without integral overcurrent protection for household and similar uses (RCCBs) - Part1: General rules
     
  • EN/IEC 61009-1: Residual current operated circuit-breakers with integral overcurrent protection for household and similar uses (RCBOs) - Part 1: General rules
     
  • EN/IEC 61131: Programmable controllers - ALL PARTS
     
  • EN/IEC 61643-11: Low-voltage surge protective devices - Part 11: Surge protective devices connected to low-voltage power systems - Requirements and test methods
     
  • EN/IEC 61812-1: Time relays and coupling relays for industrial and residential use - Part 1: Requirements and tests
     
  • EN/IEC 61851-21-2: Electric vehicle conductive charging system - Part 21-2: Electric vehicle requirements for conductive connection to an AC/DC supply - EMC requirements for off board electric vehicle charging systems
     
  • EN/IEC 62236-3-2: Railway applications - Electromagnetic compatibility - Part 3-2: Rolling stock - Apparatus
     
  • EN/IEC 62282-3-200: Fuel cell technologies - Part 3-200: Stationary fuel cell power systems - Performance test methods
     
  • EN/IEC 60730-1: Automatic electrical controls - Part 1: General requirements

 

"Compliance with EMC standards is essential for ensuring the reliability, safety, and regulatory approval of electronic devices across global markets. Adhering to standards such as FCC, CISPR, IEC, and MIL-STD helps manufacturers minimize electromagnetic interference (EMI) and ensure electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) in various applications."

 

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